Note: The page (range) in the notes indicates the page containing the relevant information, not the page range of the whole journal article. Datta, “Challenge of Retaining Customers,” 220. Hannes Datta, “The Challenge of Retaining Customers Acquired with Free Trials,” Journal of Marketing Research 52, no. This is an example of a full note, 7 and this is an example of a shortened note. This is what a full and short note for the same citation might look like: It’s important to check with your instructor if you’re unsure.

The rules of your specific institution may vary, requiring you to use one of the two note styles every time. You may also use “ ibid.” to repeat the citation from the previous note, but short notes are the more usual choice. If you cite the same source more than once, use a short note for each subsequent citation. You should usually use a full note the first time you cite each source.

Short notes contain the author’s last name, the title (shortened if it is longer than four words), and the page number (if relevant).

Full notes contain the full publication details of the source.

There are two types of note you can use in Chicago style: full and short. These superscript numbers correspond to numbered footnotes or endnotes containing the actual citation. Johnson argues that “the data is unconvincing.” 1 Nevertheless, Smith contends that the study makes “a compelling case” for this plan of action. In-text citations include the author’s last name, the year of publication, and if applicable, a page number or page range: Option 1: Author-date in-text citationsĪuthor-date style places citations directly in the text in parentheses. It’s important to use one style consistently, and not to confuse the two. The styles are similar in the information they present, but they differ in terms of the order, location, and format of that information.

The author-date system is preferred in the sciences, including social sciences. The notes and bibliography system is usually preferred in humanities subjects like literature, history and the arts. You can usually find out from your instructor or syllabus which style you should use. Frequently asked questions about Chicago in-text citationsįirst, you need to decide whether you are using notes or author-date in-text citations.

Missing information in Chicago in-text citations.Option 2: Citations in footnotes or endnotes.Option 1: Author-date in-text citations.

Cite in chicago endnote format